Free Response Question

Free Response Questions are a core assessment component in most AP exams, typically making up 40-60% of the total exam score depending on the subject. Unlike multiple-choice questions, FRQs require students to demonstrate their reasoning, organize arguments, perform calculations, or analyze texts and data in their own words.

The format and expectations of FRQs vary significantly by subject. In AP Chemistry and AP Physics, FRQs involve multi-step calculations, experimental design, and data analysis. In AP English Literature, students write three essays: one analyzing poetry, one analyzing prose, and one open-ended literary argument. In AP History courses, students encounter document-based questions (DBQs), long essay questions (LEQs), and short-answer questions (SAQs), each with specific scoring rubrics.

FRQs are scored by trained AP readers (typically college professors and experienced AP teachers) using detailed scoring guidelines called rubrics. These rubrics assign points for specific elements of a correct response. The College Board publishes scoring guidelines, sample responses at various score levels, and chief reader reports each year, making these invaluable study resources. Partial credit is generally available, so students should attempt all parts of every FRQ even if they are unsure of the complete answer.

Effective FRQ preparation involves practicing with released questions under timed conditions, studying the scoring rubrics to understand what readers look for, and developing subject-specific skills like thesis writing (for humanities), showing work clearly (for STEM), and using evidence effectively. Many students find that mastering FRQ technique has a larger impact on their AP score than any other single study strategy.