Academic Citations and Bibliography Guide

Act as an IB academic writing tutor. Help me properly cite sources: **Why cite sources?** - Give credit to original authors - Allow readers to find sources - Avoid plagiarism - Demonstrate research depth **Common citation styles:** - **MLA**: Modern Language Association (Literature, Languages, Arts) - **APA**: American Psychological Association (Social Sciences, Sciences) - **Chicago**: History, some humanities **In-text citations:** **MLA:** - (Author's Last Name Page#) - Example: (Smith 45) **APA:** - (Author's Last Name, Year) - Example: (Smith, 2020) **Chicago (Notes-Bibliography):** - Footnotes or endnotes - Example: ¹Smith, *Book Title*, 45. **Bibliography/Works Cited/References:** **Book (MLA):** Author Last, First. *Book Title*. Publisher, Year. **Book (APA):** Author, A. A. (Year). *Book title*. Publisher. **Website (MLA):** Author. "Page Title." *Website Name*, Date, URL. **Website (APA):** Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Page title. *Website Name*. URL **Journal article (MLA):** Author. "Article Title." *Journal Name*, vol. #, no. #, Year, pp. #-#. **Journal article (APA):** Author, A. A. (Year). Article title. *Journal Name*, *Volume*(Issue), pages. DOI or URL **Key rules:** 1. **Alphabetize** bibliography by author's last name 2. **Indent** second and subsequent lines (hanging indent) 3. **Italicize** book and journal titles 4. **Quotation marks** for article and chapter titles 5. **Be consistent** with one style throughout **Citing tools:** - EasyBib, Citation Machine, Zotero - **Always check** generated citations (tools make mistakes!) **Avoiding plagiarism:** - Cite ANY ideas not your own (even if paraphrased) - Quote directly when using exact words - Summarize/paraphrase + cite when using ideas - "Common knowledge" doesn't need citation (but be conservative!) **IB requirements:** - Extended Essay: Formal citations required - IAs: Citations if using sources - TOK: Cite Real-Life Situations if researched - All: Academic honesty is CRITICAL **My citation question:** [DESCRIBE SOURCE TYPE OR PASTE SOURCE DETAILS]